PLTW Biomedical Science End of Course (EOC) Practice Test

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• DNA is packaged into structures called what?
• Which base pair forms three hydrogen bonds?
• Why don't antibiotics kill viruses?
• Are viruses living?
• What is the target LDL level?
• Which of the following is a main fingerprint pattern?
• Do longer or shorter nucleotides travel farther in the gel?
• Approximately how much does the body temperature drop per hour during algor mortis?
• What is the disease-causing part in a bacteria?
• When should HIPAA be broken?
• Which statement about isotonic solutions is true?
• How does DNA replicate?
• What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
• Which process produces two genetically identical daughter cells?
• What is hypoglycemia?
• On which chromosome is the mutation associated with sickle cell disease located?
• What does a crime scene sketch include?
• Which of the following factors can contribute to high blood pressure?
• In familial hypercholesterolemia, how are LDL levels typically affected?
• What is the cell wall of bacteria made of?
• How many autosomes are present in the human genome?
• What condition did Anna develop from her urinary catheter?
• How many times on average does your heart beat a day?
• Which description matches homozygous recessive FH?
• What determines the gender of a child?
• What term describes the segments of DNA that carry genetic information on chromosomes?
• What is the normal amount of blood in a human body?
• How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine in DNA?
• What does ss mean in sickle cell genetics?
• Which organ stores glycogen and is used to convert back to glucose during fasting?
• What do alpha cells do?
• What does the alcohol do when you are isolating DNA?
• What do beta cells do?
• Which hormone is primarily deficient in type 1 diabetes?
• What does insulin do to glucose regulation?
• HDL transports cholesterol to which organ?
• What is insulin?
• In homozygous dominant FH, LDL levels are typically?
• Does a prion contain DNA or RNA?
• What is the treatment for arteriosclerosis?
• How do antibiotics work?
• Which statement best describes familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?
• Which term describes a solution with the same solute concentration as inside the cell?
• What causes your muscles to become stiff after death, or rigor mortis?
• HeLa cells were derived from a patient with which cancer?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for producing blood cells in adults?
• Which description matches heterozygous FH?
• Which treatment is essential for managing Type 1 diabetes?
• How does Down syndrome occur?
• Which treatment is commonly used to improve insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes?
• Do red blood cells have DNA?
• Which bases are purines?
• What is the treatment for stage 1 high blood pressure?
• What does Ss mean in sickle cell genetics?
• Which term describes spiral-shaped bacteria?
• Which cells release insulin?
• Hydroxyurea is used in sickle cell disease to do which of the following?
• What color does Benedict's solution remain when no reducing sugar is present after heating?
• Which molecule's sequence is read to determine the amino acid sequence?
• What is a protein?
• Which term describes the hardening or thickening of arteries due to plaque buildup?
• What is the diastolic blood pressure measurement?
• Cocci are bacteria with what shape?
• Name a potential complication of high blood glucose.
• Which statement about hair is true?
• What are the five manners of death possibilities?
• What is the average resting blood pressure?
• What is the treatment for high cholesterol?
• According to the material, acetylsalicylic acid is used to treat?
• What was Anna's cholesterol level?
• Down syndrome is associated with a mutation on which chromosome?
• What type of chemical bond links amino acids to form proteins?
• What are monomers?
• Systolic pressure measures what?
• The flow of genetic information from gene to protein involves reading the code from which molecule?
• Benedict's solution is used to test for which substance, and what is the color change that indicates presence of sugar?
• Which of the following is a potential cause of high blood pressure?
• Which statement accurately describes the relation between genotype and phenotype in this material?
• What is the effect of insulin on glucose uptake into cells?
• Which statement best describes exons?
• What is the name for red blood cells?
• What does aseptic technique prevent besides contaminant introduction?
• Which term describes rod-shaped bacteria?
• During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase?
• Which process describes stiffening of the muscles after death?
• What is hyperglycemia?
• What are polymers?
• What is the systolic blood pressure measurement?
• Where does the heart pump the deoxygenated blood?
• In an autosomal recessive disease, how many copies of the mutated gene are typically required for disease manifestation?
• Why don't gram negative bacteria usually react to penicillin?
• What is hemoglobin?
• Which description best matches the genetics of sickle cell disease?
• What is the target HDL level?
• What is an autosome?
• Which statement about viruses is true?
• What term describes the genetic makeup of an individual?
• Where does translation occur?
• Which statement about blood composition is most accurate?
• What shape is DNA?
• What does the P wave on an ECG represent?
• A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds forms what biomolecule?
• What provides the instructions for the order of amino acids in a specific protein?
• The polymerase chain reaction is used to
• When does sickle cell hemoglobin happen?
• What is mitosis?
• Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of diabetes?
• What is a prion?
• Which chromosomes are the sex chromosomes in humans?
• Blockage of which arteries can cause a stroke?
• Where do bacteria grow in lab culture?
• How many nucleotides code for one amino acid?
• Which sequence lists the correct order of events in protein synthesis?
• Which term describes a solution with a higher solute concentration than inside the cell?
• Which of the following is a component of blood?
• Which statement is NOT a function of HDL according to the material?
• In which cellular location does transcription occur?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
• Which statement correctly defines an autosome?
• What is the P wave?
• What is the treatment for coronary artery disease?
• What do most viruses have?
• The outside backbone of the DNA molecule is made of alternating molecules of what?
• What does a hematocrit test measure?
• RNA polymerase synthesizes a single-stranded copy of RNA based on which template?
• Which molecule stores genetic information and is composed of nucleotides?
• Which blood component fights infection?
• Whose fingerprint was found at the crime scene?
• In DNA, which sugar is used in the backbone?
• What is the name for white blood cells?
• Biuret's solution shows a color change to which color in the presence of protein?
• What is lividity?
• Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
• Which base pair forms two hydrogen bonds?
• What forms and replaces your blood cells?
• What is the shape of Bacilli?
• Lugol's iodine indicates the presence of which substance?
• If you are hungry between meals and have no access to food, how does your body get energy?
• Which statement best defines a monomer?
• What is the role of red blood cells?
• What is a gram negative peptidoglycan like?
• Protozoan infections can be transmitted by fecal-oral routes.
• What is the function of insulin?
• Where is the SA node located?
• What does pink mean?
• Where do bacteria grow on nutrient agar?
• What term is used for all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes?
• Biuret's solution is used to detect which biomolecule?
• Describe Type 2 diabetes.
• In homozygous recessive FH, LDL levels are typically?
• Which of the following is a symptom of a sickle cell crisis?
• Which option best describes the correct sequence of electrical conduction in the heart starting from the brain?
• In sickle cell disease context, which amino acid is hydrophobic?
• What is the role of platelets?
• Is tented arch a fingerprint pattern?
• Are there vaccines for protozoal infections?
• Which vessel returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
• What does purple mean?
• Which treatment is commonly used to lower cholesterol levels?
• Which condition describes males born with an extra X chromosome?
• Hair is composed of which protein?
• Which statement about prions is true?
• What do all known prion diseases affect in the body?
• Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
• Protozoan infections can be transmitted by vectors.
• HIPAA stands for which act?
• Binary fission yields how many daughter cells?
• Which of the following is a valid human blood type?
• Which test indicates the presence of starch and causes a color change to dark purple or black?
• Protozoa can be described as?
• Valine and glutamic acid differ in which property relevant to protein structure?
• What does arteriosclerosis cause and why?
• How are the egg and sperm produced?
• What is the start codon for protein synthesis?
• Which statement identifies a blood component involved in the immune response?
• Which component of blood carries oxygen to the tissues?
• In sickle cell hemoglobin, which amino acid substitution occurs?
• What is rigor mortis?
• What can excessive glucose in the blood result in?
• The mutation for sickle cell hemoglobin occurs at which codon(s) in the beta-hemoglobin gene?
• What are chromosomes?
• How do bacteria reproduce?
• What is non-disjunction?
• Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
• Which term describes round-shaped bacteria?
• What could cause a sickle cell crisis?
• Type 2 diabetes is characterized by what?
• Which process describes the cooling of the body after death?
• Which statement about HIPAA is true?
• What is the average resting heart rate (beats per minute)?
• HDL's primary function in cholesterol management is to
• Which bases are pyrimidines?
• What is insulin considered to be?
• Are there vaccines for protozoal infections?
• Which device is used to manage a fast heartbeat?
• Which statement best describes the effect of arteriosclerosis on blood pressure?
• Why do HeLa cells never die?
• HeLa cells are notable for being what?
• What act as molecular scissors to cut DNA at specific locations?
• Anna's autopsy found her morning diet contained which of the following?
• Which is an example of a positive feedback loop in physiology?
• Is an ischemic stroke characterized by part of the brain dying due to lack of oxygen?
• What is a genetic mutation?
• Which description best fits insulin?
• Which of the following is NOT a main fingerprint pattern?
• Which hormone triggers the liver to convert glycogen into glucose during fasting?
• What is the name for platelets?
• What is the role of blood plasma?
• What is the shape of DNA?
• Type 1 diabetes is defined by which characteristic?
• What does SS mean in sickle cell genetics?
• What is the primary role of LDL in the body?
• Which statement describes a necessary step for a pathogen to cause infection?
• Protozoan infections can be transmitted by ingestion.
• What are antigens?
• Where is DNA primarily located in human cells?
• Who is Henrietta Lacks?
• What is an ischemic stroke?
• Which statement correctly contrasts prions with viruses?
• Where are chromosomes primarily located in a cell?
• What does hematocrit percentage reflect?
• Which chromosome is the longest in humans?
• Which event does the T wave reflect?
• Are bacteria living organisms?
• Which statement is true about protozoa?
• Sources of cholesterol?
• What does blood pressure measure?
• Sickle cell disease is caused by what type of genetic change?
• Spirilla are bacteria with what shape?
• Which organ primarily produces cholesterol in the body?
• How long does one heartbeat take?
• Myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow within which vessels is impeded?
• How is DNA packaged inside cells?
• Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
• Which molecule stores genetic information in the nucleus?
• Minutiae are?
• Which of the following are symptoms of a sickle cell crisis?
• Which vessels have a thicker wall, arteries or veins?
• Which description matches homozygous dominant FH?
• Describe a glucose tolerance test.
• What is the only disease totally eradicated from earth?
• In type 1 diabetes, what is wrong with the pancreatic beta cells?
• Why are gram negative bacteria so hard to treat?
• What is the role of white blood cells?
• What is the treatment for a fast heartbeat?
• Which statement best describes a positive feedback loop?
• Protozoa can be transmitted by vectors.
• How does the abnormal shape of a sickled red blood cell affect its movement through blood vessels?
• Which term describes a solution with a lower solute concentration than inside the cell?
• How are conjoined twins formed?
• FH is inherited in which pattern?
• What is algor mortis?
• What can replace the SA node to keep heart rhythm constant?
• What is a codon?
• What are exons?
• Which statement describes autosomal dominant inheritance?
• How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine in DNA?
• Chargaff's rule states that base pairing is which of the following?
• What kind of cancer did Henrietta Lacks have?
• Approximately how many liters of blood are in an average adult human?
• What is the target total cholesterol level?
• What is the T wave?
• What is the normal range for fasting glucose levels?
• Where does the heart pump the oxygenated blood?
• Hair is a major structural component of which protein?
• What is the function of an ACE inhibitor?
• Which statement is true about Type 1 diabetes?
• Which of the following is a potential consequence of diabetes?
• What is aseptic technique designed to do?
• Approximately how many nucleotides are in a strand of DNA?
• Which condition describes females born with only 1 X chromosome?
• What are the eight different blood types?
• Which type of RNA is primarily responsible for assembling proteins at the ribosome?
• High LDL levels are associated with what condition?
• Describe Type 1 diabetes.
• Which process describes pooling of blood after death?
• What is the role of the AV node in heartbeat conduction?
• The loss of ATP lasting about 3 hours after death leads to which mortis phenomenon?
• Which combination of subunits is correct for adult hemoglobin?
• Which molecule carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
• Which blood component is primarily responsible for clotting?
• What was Anna's glucose level?
• Which statement best describes Type 2 diabetes progression?
• How is anemia diagnosed?
• Adult hemoglobin is composed of which subunits?
• Cholesterol is transported in the blood within which structures?
• A glucose reading of 425 mg/dL indicates
• Why is HIPAA important?
• What does the polymerase chain reaction do?
• What is the normal hematocrit range for females and males?
• Which sequence best describes how an infectious disease establishes itself in a host?
• Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes?
• Which statement best defines an infection?
• What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
• Which list contains the four main fingerprint patterns?
• Which blood component carries oxygen in the blood?
• Chargaff's rule states which base-pairing is correct?
• What is arteriosclerosis?
• What kind of feedback loop is the glucose-insulin feedback loop?
• Which chromosome is the shortest in humans?
• What is a protozoa?
• What is the leading cause of death in the US?
• Which statement best describes LDL's role in plaque formation?
• When isolating DNA, what was the purpose of the detergent component of the lysis buffer?
• Which statement about prions is true?
• Sickle cell disease is best described as which of the following?
• What is the QRS complex?
• What is the job of the GLUT-4 transporters?
• Which type of RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation during protein synthesis?
• Which ECG complex represents ventricle contraction?
• In heterozygous FH, the LDL level range is typically?
• What is the treatment for an obstructed coronary?
• In DNA, the molecule runs in which direction?